Pharmacology in Anesthesia
Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is frequently encountered in today's clinical practice. This colorless, non-flammable gas has a fascinating history and remains…
Xenon is an anesthetic agent that stands out for its unique properties. This noble gas has gained attention in recent…
TIVA uses IV agents (propofol + remifentanil) for anesthesia without inhalational gases. Regimens: Propofol (TCI 2–6 mcg/mL or 100–200 mcg/kg/min)…
Atracurium is an intermediate-acting, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. Hofmann elimination (independent of renal/hepatic function). Causes histamine release (risk of hypotension/tachycardia). Dose:…
Isoflurane is a potent, reliable inhalational anesthetic (MAC ~1.2%) with moderate blood solubility (λB:G 1.4). Known for cardiovascular stability and…
Desflurane is a potent inhalational anesthetic prized for its rapid emergence due to low blood solubility (MAC 6-7%). Ideal for…
Sevoflurane is a potent, non-pungent inhalational anesthetic (MAC ~2%) with low blood solubility (λB:G 0.65). Ideal for smooth inhalational induction…
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