Intravenous Fluids (Crystalloids, Colloids)
Modern fluid management hinges on protecting the endothelial glycocalyx. Default to balanced crystalloids like Lactated Ringer’s over Normal Saline to prevent hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury. Reserve albumin for specific hypoalbuminemic states, and avoid synthetic colloids like HES due to severe renal and coagulopathic risks.