Apfel Score for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)
Apfel Score is a 4‑factor PONV risk prediction tool: female sex, non‑smoker, history of PONV/motion sickness, and postoperative opioids (1 point each; total 0–4). Predicted incidences: 10% (0) to 80% (4). Guides prophylaxis—0–1 (none), 2 (1 antiemetic), 3–4 (≥2 antiemetics). Essential for perioperative risk stratification.
