TIVA – Total Intravenous Anesthesia

TIVA uses IV agents (propofol + remifentanil) for anesthesia without inhalational gases. Regimens: Propofol (TCI 2–6 mcg/mL or 100–200 mcg/kg/min) + remifentanil (TCI 2–6 ng/mL or 0.05–0.3 mcg/kg/min). Monitoring: BIS (40–60) ensures depth. Ideal for MH risk, PONV-prone patients, or neurosurgery. Enables precise titration and rapid emergence.

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Spinal Anesthesia Procedure – A Step-by-Step Guide

Spinal Anaesthesia Procedure

Mastering Spinal Anesthesia: From Preparation to Completion Spinal anesthesia, also known as subarachnoid block, is a widely used technique in modern medical practice to provide regional anesthesia and pain relief for various surgical procedures. It involves injecting a local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal, leading to…

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Spinal Anesthesia – Anatomy & Physiology

Understanding the Spine: The Foundation of Spinal Anesthesia Spinal anesthesia is a cornerstone technique in regional anesthesia, but its safe execution requires deep understanding of spinal anatomy, physiological principles, and appropriate patient selection. Let’s explore the critical anatomical structures, physiological principles, and clinical applications that form the basis of this…

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Cardiac Risk Index

The Cardiac Risk Index refers to clinical tools used to predict the risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

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Atracurium

Atracurium Chemical Structure

Atracurium is an intermediate-acting, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. Hofmann elimination (independent of renal/hepatic function). Causes histamine release (risk of hypotension/tachycardia). Dose: 0.4-0.5 mg/kg IV. Reversed by neostigmine/glycopyrrolate. Ideal for patients with organ dysfunction.

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Isoflurane

Isoflurane

Isoflurane is a potent, reliable inhalational anesthetic (MAC ~1.2%) with moderate blood solubility (λB:G 1.4). Known for cardiovascular stability and bronchodilation, it uses a standard vaporizer. Pungent but less than Desflurane; suitable for pediatric maintenance. Cost-effective with minimal metabolism, making it a staple in anesthesia practice.

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