Clinical Anaesthesia

Sections

INSTRUMENTS & EQUIPMENTS

Step into the world of anesthetic instruments and equipment—a domain where precision meets patient well-being. From classic vaporizers to advanced monitoring devices, this section delves into the evolution of tools that empower anesthesiologists to orchestrate safe and effective journeys through the realm of unconsciousness.

PHARMACOLOGY

Anesthetic drugs can be administered in various forms, including inhalation, injection, and topical application. They are utilized in a broad spectrum of medical procedures, ranging from minor incisions to complex surgeries. Understanding the mechanisms and proper use of anesthetic drugs is essential for healthcare providers to ensure optimal patient care.

HISTORY

The history of anesthesia is a captivating journey through the evolution of pain relief techniques, from ancient herbal concoctions to modern-day sophisticated methods. This section unveils the remarkable progress in medical science, transforming the experience of surgery and alleviating human suffering since its inception.

PROCEDURES

Within the realm of anesthetic procedures, a diverse tapestry of techniques has emerged, each weaving a distinct narrative of innovation and patient care. From ether's pioneering days to today's intricately monitored administrations, this section delves into the art and science of inducing controlled unconsciousness, revolutionizing medical interventions.

PRESENTATIONS

Welcome to the section dedicated to anesthesiology presentations, where the intricate symphony of science and practice harmonizes. Here, we explore a spectrum of topics, from fundamental principles to cutting-edge research, unveiling the captivating role of anesthesiology in modern healthcare.

CLINICAL SCENARIOS

This section explores diverse clinical scenarios—from trauma resuscitation to pediatric airway management—highlighting tailored anesthetic strategies for each. It emphasizes preoperative assessment, intraoperative vigilance, and postoperative care, integrating pharmacologic choices, monitoring techniques, and team coordination to optimize patient safety and outcomes across a spectrum of surgical and emergency contexts.

Anesthesia Clinical Calculators

Clinical decision-making demands precision, speed, and clarity—especially in high-stakes environments like the operating room or ICU. The Clinical Calculators here are designed to streamline complex medical computations, offering evidence-based results in a format that’s both intuitive and educational. Whether you're estimating anesthetic dosing, fluid requirements, or scoring severity indices, each module is built to reinforce clinical reasoning while minimizing cognitive load.

Crafted especially for Anesthesia Residents, with a focus on usability and visual clarity, this tool empowers learners and practitioners alike to make informed decisions at the point of care. With integrated references, quick tips, and responsive design, it serves not just as a calculator—but as a teaching companion that bridges theory and practice.

Pediatric Airway Management

A 3-year-old child with recurrent croup presents for adenotonsillectomy. The child has a history of difficult intubation during previous anesthesia. Parents report occasional stridor during sleep and upper respiratory infections.

Cardiac Patient for Non-Cardiac Surgery

A 68-year-old male with ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. He has a history of myocardial infarction 2 years ago and takes multiple cardiac medications.

Xenon: The Noble Anesthetic Agent

Xenon is an anesthetic agent that stands out for its unique properties. This noble gas has gained attention in recent years as an ideal anesthetic with remarkable pharmacological properties.

Pharmacodynamics of Nitrous Oxide

Pharmacodynamics examines how nitrous oxide exerts its effects on the body. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for anesthesia trainees to appreciate both its therapeutic benefits and potential adverse effects

Nitrous Oxide

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is frequently encountered in today’s clinical practice. This colorless, non-flammable gas has a fascinating history and remains one of the oldest anesthetic agents still in use today. It was first synthesized by English chemist Joseph Priestley in 1772, though he didn’t recognize its potential medical applications.

TIVA – Total Intravenous Anesthesia

TIVA uses IV agents (propofol + remifentanil) for anesthesia without inhalational gases. Regimens: Propofol (TCI 2–6 mcg/mL or 100–200 mcg/kg/min) + remifentanil (TCI 2–6 ng/mL or 0.05–0.3 mcg/kg/min). Monitoring: BIS (40–60) ensures depth. Ideal for MH risk, PONV-prone patients, or neurosurgery. Enables precise titration and rapid emergence.

Intravenous Induction Agents & Commonly Used Drugs

IV induction agents rapidly induce unconsciousness. Propofol is first-line for stable patients (antiemetic, rapid recovery). Etomidate is hemodynamically neutral for RSI in shock but causes adrenal suppression. Ketamine supports BP in hypovolemia/asthma but may increase ICP. Thiopental is now largely replaced due to cardiovascular risks.

Clinical Scenarios & Adjuncts in IV Induction

Etomidate/ketamine for hemodynamic instability (e.g., septic shock). Propofol for raised ICP. Ketamine for bronchospasm. Adjuncts like opioids blunt intubation response; lidocaine reduces injection pain; muscle relaxants optimize intubation. Always tailor to comorbidities and hemodynamics.

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